{"id":4030,"date":"2024-08-29T09:11:45","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T09:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/?p=4030"},"modified":"2024-08-29T11:32:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T11:32:26","slug":"macao-a-quarter-century-of-ambition-and-achievements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/macao-a-quarter-century-of-ambition-and-achievements\/","title":{"rendered":"Makao, nj\u00eb \u00e7erek shekull ambicie dhe arritje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Historia e Makaos \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb integrale e historis\u00eb se Kin\u00ebs. Rajoni, i njohur si Ou Mun  \u2013 ose  \u201cPorta e Gjirit\u201d \u2013 fillimisht ishte i banuar nga peshkatar\u00eb dhe fermer\u00eb kinez\u00eb, me rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e tij q\u00eb nga dinastia Qin (221-206 para er\u00ebs son\u00eb). Kjo ishte dhe dinastia e par\u00eb dhe shteti i par\u00eb i bashkuar i Kin\u00ebs, pushteti i t\u00eb cilit ishte i centralizuar dhe jo i ndar\u00eb midis mbret\u00ebrive t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb veri dhe jug.\n\nMakao ka qen\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh pjes\u00eb e sfer\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb kulturore dhe ekonomike kineze, duke sh\u00ebrbyer si nj\u00eb post i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm bregdetar n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn Guangdong. Mesi i shekullit t\u00eb 16-t\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb moment ky\u00e7 n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Makaos kur mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn tregtar\u00ebt portugez\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1557, Dinastia Ming i lejoi portugez\u00ebt t\u00eb vendoseshin n\u00eb Makao si shenj\u00eb mir\u00ebnjohjeje p\u00ebr ndihm\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb eliminimin e pirateris\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb bregdetit. Megjithat\u00eb, u kuptua shpejt nga kinez\u00ebt se prania portugeze n\u00eb Makao nuk do t\u00eb ishte e p\u00ebrkohshme.\n\nEvropian\u00ebt si britanik\u00ebt, holandez\u00ebt, francez\u00ebt, spanjoll\u00ebt, danez\u00ebt dhe suedez\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb tregti me Kin\u00ebn p\u00ebr disa koh\u00eb, filluan t\u00eb formojn\u00eb komunitete t\u00eb vogla por t\u00eb pasura n\u00eb Makao, sidomos pas vitit 1760. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 1887 Portugalia, e cila kishte dashur prej shum\u00eb vitesh t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb traktat p\u00ebr Makaon me Kin\u00ebn, arriti t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruaj\u00eb, me mb\u00ebshtetjen diplomatike t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe, \u201cTraktatin kino-portugez t\u00eb miq\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe tregtis\u00eb\u201d, i cili p\u00ebrtej em\u00ebrtimit njohu dhe legjitimoi pushtimin e p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm t\u00eb Makaos dhe var\u00ebsive t\u00eb tij nga portugez\u00ebt, praktikisht kolonizimin. P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shekujve, Makao funksionoi si nj\u00eb ur\u00eb midis Kin\u00ebs dhe Per\u00ebndimit. Nd\u00ebrsa u b\u00eb nj\u00eb port ky\u00e7 p\u00ebr tregtin\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe aktivitetet misionare, ai ruajti gjithmon\u00eb identitetin e tij kinez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kthimi n\u00eb atdhe i Makaos\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shekulli i 20-t\u00eb ishte me ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pas themelimit t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs Popullore t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1949. Pavar\u00ebsisht nga administrata portugeze, lidhjet e Makaos me Kin\u00ebn mbet\u00ebn t\u00eb forta. Kjo lidhje arriti kulmin n\u00eb vitin 1999, kur Makao iu kthye n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb paq\u00ebsore sovranitetit kinez, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb Rajon Special Administrativ (SAR) n\u00ebn qeverin\u00eb qendrore t\u00eb Pekinit. Q\u00eb nga kthimi i tij, Makao ka par\u00eb rritje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb ekonomike duke ruajtur trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e pasur kineze dhe duke simbolizuar forc\u00ebn e kultur\u00ebs dhe identitetit kinez. Makao po shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme globale, e pasur me mund\u00ebsi dhe diversitet kulturor.\n\nDor\u00ebzimi i Makaos nga sovraniteti portugez tek ai kinez sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb moment ky\u00e7 n\u00eb historin\u00eb e rajonit, duke vendosur bazat p\u00ebr transformime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ekonomike, sociale dhe politike. Tranzicioni u krye sipas parimit \u201cNj\u00eb vend, dy sisteme\u201d, i cili i dha Makaos nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb autonomie, duke ruajtur sistemet e tij ligjore dhe ekonomike t\u00eb dallueshme nga ato t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs kontinentale. Me kalimin e viteve, kjo autonomi ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb gur themeli i zhvillimit t\u00eb Makaos, duke e lejuar at\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb pozicionin e saj unik si nj\u00eb ur\u00eb lidh\u00ebse midis Lindjes dhe Per\u00ebndimit. Q\u00eb nga ribashkimi i tij me atdheun, Rajoni i Posa\u00e7\u00ebm Administrativ i Makaos i ka demonstruar bot\u00ebs zbatimin e suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u201cNj\u00eb vend, dy sisteme\u201d me karakteristikat e tij unike. Nd\u00ebrsa Kina po ec\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e saj drejt modernizimit, Makao po integrohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive n\u00eb zhvillimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb vendit p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb arritje t\u00eb reja.\n\nN\u00ebn mb\u00ebshtetjen totale t\u00eb Qeveris\u00eb Qendrore dhe p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Makaos s\u00eb bashku me qytetar\u00ebt e saj, Makao ka b\u00ebr\u00eb arritje t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme n\u00eb shum\u00eb fusha duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb politik\u00ebn, ekonomin\u00eb, kultur\u00ebn dhe arsimin. P\u00ebr shembull, q\u00eb prej dit\u00ebs s\u00eb kthimit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, PBB-ja reale e Makaos \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur me nj\u00eb norm\u00eb mesatare vjetore prej 3.5-7%. Nd\u00ebrsa PBB-ja e saj p\u00ebr frym\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 15,300 dollar\u00eb q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb vitin 1999 n\u00eb 68,800 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2023, sipas Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore.\nGjat\u00eb harkut prej 25 vjet\u00ebsh q\u00eb nga kthimi i Makaos n\u00eb atdhe, qeveria qendrore e ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb taktike Makaon brenda strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb saj gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse t\u00eb zhvillimit komb\u00ebtar. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb FMN-s\u00eb p\u00ebr vitin 2023, PBB-ja p\u00ebr frym\u00eb e Makaos ishte e 8-ta n\u00eb bot\u00eb, pas ShBA-s\u00eb, Island\u00ebs dhe Katarit, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb pas Danimark\u00ebn, Australin\u00eb, Holland\u00ebn, etj.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synimi p\u00ebr zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Makao \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr biznesin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe shk\u00ebmbimin kulturor ku \u00ebsht\u00eb investuar shum\u00eb n\u00eb objektet m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara q\u00eb t\u00ebrheqin konferenca dhe ekspozita t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb platforma p\u00ebr dialog global, inovacion dhe bashk\u00ebpunim. Hotelet e Makaos jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr dizajnin, luksin dhe p\u00ebrvojat e tyre t\u00eb pasura. Angazhimi i qytetit p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrsosm\u00ebrin\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimit ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb shtyt\u00ebs vendimtar n\u00eb vendosjen e Makaos si nj\u00eb destinacion kryesor p\u00ebr turizmin.\n\nBizneset e vogla dhe tregjet lokale jan\u00eb ndoshta atraksioni m\u00eb i madh i lagjeve t\u00eb Makaos, duke ofruar nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim t\u00eb thell\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme dhe kultur\u00ebn e qytetit. K\u00ebto nj\u00ebsi ekonomike t\u00eb komunitetit jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin jetes\u00ebn lokale, por gjithashtu ruajn\u00eb trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e pasur t\u00eb Makaos.\nNgjarjet kulturore dhe sportive po b\u00ebhen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb integrale n\u00eb diversifikimin ekonomik t\u00eb Makaos. Qyteti pret nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb festivalesh, ekspozitash arti dhe gara sportive q\u00eb t\u00ebrheqin vizitor\u00eb nga e gjith\u00eb bota. Qeveria e Rajonit t\u00eb Posa\u00e7\u00ebm Administrativ t\u00eb Makaos publikoi nj\u00eb plan zhvillimi p\u00ebr diversifikimin ekonomik nga viti 2024 n\u00eb 2028. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb plani i par\u00eb sistematik i zhvillimit industrial, duke p\u00ebrshkruar se si Makao do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtoj\u00eb transformimin e tij n\u00eb nj\u00eb destinacion gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs p\u00ebr turizmin dhe koh\u00ebn e lir\u00eb, duke kombinuar element\u00eb t\u00eb ushqimit gustator, pushimeve, vizitave, blerjeve, arg\u00ebtimit, kultur\u00ebs, trajtimit mjek\u00ebsor dhe sporteve.\n\nMakao ka p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb transformim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm ekonomik, duke evoluar nga nj\u00eb ekonomi relativisht e vog\u00ebl, e bazuar n\u00eb turiz\u00ebm, n\u00eb nj\u00eb fuqi globale t\u00eb loj\u00ebrave t\u00eb fatit. Liberalizimi i industris\u00eb s\u00eb loj\u00ebrave n\u00eb vitin 2002 ishte nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kthese. Kjo l\u00ebvizje hapi tregun p\u00ebr investitor\u00ebt e huaj, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb fluks kapitali dhe n\u00eb zgjerimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb resorteve t\u00eb kazinove. Operator\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb si Las Vegas Sands, Wynn Resorts dhe MGM Mirage hyn\u00eb n\u00eb Makao, duke e transformuar rajonin n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb loj\u00ebrave t\u00eb fatit n\u00eb bot\u00eb, duke tejkaluar Las Vegasin p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket t\u00eb ardhurave.  Hotele luksoze, qendra tregtare dhe komplekse arg\u00ebtimi jan\u00eb ngritur n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonin, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb Makaon nj\u00eb destinacion kryesor p\u00ebr turizmin e nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb.\nBumi ekonomik solli ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb Makao. Fluksi i pasuris\u00eb ka p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar standardet e jetes\u00ebs p\u00ebr shum\u00eb banor\u00eb, me akses n\u00eb rritje n\u00eb teknologji moderne dhe sh\u00ebrbime m\u00eb t\u00eb mira publike. Megjithat\u00eb, ky zhvillim i shpejt\u00eb solli edhe sfida. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre sfidave, qeveria e Makaos \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb diversifikoj\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb. Qeveria ka investuar gjithashtu n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn sociale, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, arsimin dhe strehimin publik, p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar nevojat e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb rritje dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur disa nga efektet negative t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb shpejt\u00eb ekonomike.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Integrimi dhe politikat n\u00eb vazhdim<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Makao po p\u00ebrdor plot\u00ebsisht avantazhet e \u201cNj\u00eb vend, dy sisteme\u201d, duke kapur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur mund\u00ebsit\u00eb kryesore strategjike si zhvillimi i Zon\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe t\u00eb Gjirit Guangdong-Hong Kong-Makao. Kjo ofron mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr zhvillimin afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb Makaos dhe nj\u00eb platform\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e industrive si kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, financat moderne, teknologjia e lart\u00eb dhe e re, konventat dhe ekspozitat, kultura dhe turizmi, duke injektuar vitalitet t\u00eb ri n\u00eb integrimin e Makaos n\u00eb Kin\u00eb.\n\nMakao gjithashtu merr pjes\u00eb aktive n\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurjen e q\u00ebllimeve t\u00eb tij me strategjin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb vendit. Qyteti ka rol aktiv n\u00eb Iniciativ\u00ebn \u201cNj\u00eb brez, nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb\u201d (BRI) p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar shk\u00ebmbimet dhe bashk\u00ebpunimin me vendet q\u00eb flasin portugalisht, si dhe me vendet dhe rajonet e BRI-s\u00eb n\u00eb fushat e ekonomis\u00eb, tregtis\u00eb, turizmit dhe kultur\u00ebs. Makao po shfryt\u00ebzon avantazhet e tij unike q\u00eb lindin  nga t\u00eb qenit nj\u00eb port i lir\u00eb me akses nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar n\u00eb bot\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u2019u integruar m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb modernizimin kinez dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontribuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrt\u00ebritjen e madhe t\u00eb kombit kinez.\nPatriotizmi dhe dashuria p\u00ebr Makaon kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb e gjat\u00eb dhe e rr\u00ebnjosur tek vendasit. Banor\u00ebt e Makaos kan\u00eb mir\u00ebnjohje dhe vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb begatin\u00eb q\u00eb ka lindur q\u00eb nga kthimi i qytetit n\u00eb atdhe. Ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb zellsh\u00ebm dhe vazhdimisht p\u00ebrpiqen p\u00ebr vet\u00eb-p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim, duke dh\u00ebn\u00eb kontribut duke u integruar n\u00eb procesin e zhvillimit komb\u00ebtar.\nVitaliteti i fort\u00eb dhe suksesi i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm i \u201cNj\u00eb vend, dy sisteme\u201d p\u00ebr Makaon mund t\u2019i atribuohet mish\u00ebrimit t\u00eb  nj\u00eb kornize institucionale q\u00eb lidh pa probleme interesat kryesore t\u00eb kombit me interesat themelore t\u00eb Makaos. Tashm\u00eb atje kultivohet nj\u00eb unitet organik duke mb\u00ebshtetur themelin e \u201cnj\u00eb vendi\u201d duke shfryt\u00ebzuar avantazhet unike t\u00eb \u201cdy sistemeve\u201d. Kjo qasje zbaton bashk\u00ebjetes\u00ebn e \u201cdy sistemeve\u201d krahas nj\u00eb angazhimi t\u00eb pal\u00ebkundur ndaj Pekinit, si gur themeli i shtetit dhe prek me mjesht\u00ebri pikat e forta e t\u00eb natyrshme duke respektuar dallimet.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/macao-a-quarter-century-of-ambition-and-achievements\/\"><em>S\u00eb fundmi, vendimi i BE-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur tarifa t\u00eb larta mbi makinat elektrike kineze reflekton jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb tension t\u00eb thell\u00eb midis dy prej ekonomive m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb bot\u00eb, por edhe thekson nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb qasje m\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunuese p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar sfidat e ardhshme. Nd\u00ebrsa masat proteksioniste mund t\u00eb duken si nj\u00eb zgjidhje e shpejt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur industrin\u00eb vendase, e ardhmja ekonomike dhe teknologjike k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb vendet t\u00eb punojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur ndryshimet klimatike dhe zhvillimi i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm jan\u00eb prioritet p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt.\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, bashk\u00ebpunimi midis BE-s\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb sektorin e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr dhe automjeteve elektrike mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr inovacion dhe rritje. Kjo qasje do t\u00eb sillte p\u00ebrfitime p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar konkurrenc\u00ebn globale, duke rritur mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim dhe duke adresuar nj\u00eb nga sfidat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb shekullit XXI \u2013 kriz\u00ebn klimatike.\u00a0<\/em><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The history of Maca0 is closely tied to that of China. Its origins trace back to the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) when Chinese fishermen and farmers initially inhabited it. Serving as an important coastal post in Guangdong province, Macao became a notable part of the Chinese cultural and economic sphere. The arrival of Portuguese traders [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4000,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china-observatory"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4030"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4036,"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4030\/revisions\/4036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalizationinstitute.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}